Global issue in nursing shortage

Global issue in nursing shortage The increase in nursing shortage is a global issue. The rate of turnover and migration through health care system professionals is highly increasing which cause shortage in some countries or hospitals. This shortage is considered vital as it affects patients health status and quality of delivered care. In order to achieve health care effectiveness, health care systems have to overcome the shortage of qualified health personnel. Hiring graduated nurses and retaining employed staff nurses is very essential. The aim of this paper is to discuss generally the global nursing shortage and particularly the nursing shortage in UAE. Nurses play an important role in health care systems as they are considered the front line of any health care system. The crisis of nursing shortage is highly increasing worldwide. Buchan Aiken, (2008) defined nursing shortage as the unwilling to work in specific conditions rather than the shortage of people having nursing qualifications. Health care systems face difficulties in recruiting retaining nurses due to two reasons; nursing shortage and staff turnover. For example, the turnover rate in USA in year 2000 was between 10%- 30%, while in UK it was between 15%- 20% (Zurn et al. 2005). Turnover can be either voluntary like looking for a better income or better working conditions, and less work stress and overload, or involuntary like dismissal or medical disability. However, nursing shortage is considered a problem due to aging population, population growth and higher patient expectations (Simoen et al. 2005). In USA, the ratio of nurse: patient is 10:1000, while in Asia and Afr ica it is 0.5:1000 which is huge shortage (Buchan Aiken, 2008). The impact of nursing shortage Nursing shortage has a depressing impact on health care systems. The inability to overcome this shortage will affect the improvement of health care systems. Nursing shortage can be noted when there is an imbalance between nursing skills and the actual number of nurses (Buchan Aiken, 2008). On the other hand, not all available nurses are willing to work in their field due to payment and benefits issues which make them to choose non-nursing employment or no employment. Moreover, the shortage is widely noted in nurses who have specialty in some areas like critical care or emergency (Kingma, 2007). Causes of nursing shortage There are plenty of factors which lead to nursing shortage like decrease number of new recruited staff, inappropriate use of nursing skills, inadequate career support, gender-based discrimination in some cultures, and poor recruitment policies (National Center for Health Workforce Analysis, 2007; Buchan, 2006). Nurses keep searching for better opportunities to improve their skills, knowledge, and economic level. Therefore, nurses migrate from one country to the other. Barriers to nursing migration When nurses take the decision to migrate they keep in consideration some obstacles that they might face.   One important issue to think about is certificate accreditation and requalification process. Other issues include the cost of living, the need to learn new language, and adapting a new clinical environment (Chandra and Willis, 2005; Kingma, 2006). Socially, there are some other barriers to migration; leaving families to stabilize persons condition, facing new culture and environment, and racism which may lead to discrimination (Chandra and Willis, 2005). Ways to decrease turnover rate In order to overcome turnover problem, health care systems have to change their style of management. One way is by involving staff in decision making which make staff responsible. Promotions are also considered another way of decreasing turnover rate as staff will remain in hospitals to achieve and reach better positions. Moreover, staff self-scheduling is a good way of decreasing turnover rate as some staff dont like to work weekends, nights, or overtime (Stordeur Hoore, 2006). Nursing shortage in UAE Nowadays Emirati women have the right to join different educational and working fields. They are supported by low and government to improve their selves. However, Emirati women are not very involved in all fields like nursing. The dependency on expatriate nurses in UAE is very considerable as the percentage of Emirati national nurses is only 3% (FDON 2003). In 1960s, expatriate nurses started to turn up in UAE, while there were basic healthcare services in some areas like Dubai and Ras Al Khaima (al Rifai et al, 1996). As stated by Al Rifai Van Der Merwe (2002), the MOH is the largest health care source and it has more than 17000 employees, 10000 from different countries and backgrounds. Around 6000 work in MOH and the rest are divided in the privet sector (Al-Rifai van der Merwe2002). Disadvantages of hiring expatriate nurses Delivering the appropriate nursing care with respect to cultural and back ground differences is threatened by hiring expatiate nurses who are sometimes not fully aware of the surrounding culture. This issue may develop a conflict between nurses and patients, and increase the gap between them. However, this conflict may affect the quality of nursing care as nurses may try to enforce their own believes and values on patients. On the other hand, patients might be affected by not continuing treatment or following the treatment regimen properly because of stress, cultural conflict and ethical issues (El-Haddad, 2006). Factors that lead to nursing shortage in UAE There are some factors that lead to low percentage of national nurses in UAE. An important factor is gender-bias; the general idea in the country is that women have to take care and nurse their own families and that nurses are the handmaids for doctors. Another factor is the difference in nursing programs with the lack of updated educational resources. One more, is the low English level of students with the lack of Arabic educational resources (El-Haddad, 2006). Establishing Federal Department of Nursing Emirates Nursing Association Federal Department of Nursing was established in 1992 by MOH. A team of professional nurses and administrative staff were specially made to evaluate the nursing profession (Al-Rifai van der Merwe2002). On the other hand, the establishment of Emirates Nursing Association started much earlier; in 1970s. To start with the process of establishing an association there should be 50 national nurses according to UAE low. The effort remained over 30 years until finally in 2001 national nurses were able to start the Emirates Nursing Association which was considered an important event in the history of UAE. Since that time nationals started to join nursing field and be effective members within the health care system (El-Haddad, 2006). WHO recommendations to improve nursing programs According to (WHO, EMRO, 1998) recommendation in 1995, nursing programs have to be standardized within 15 years. The program would be designed as a four years university program with a certificate of bachelor of nursing science. On the other hand, nurses who have diploma degree will have the chance of continuing their education by joining bridging programs, which is encouraged and supported by the government until all nurses within the 15 years period time will have the BSN degree. This program will improve the nursing education and will improve the quality of care in the health care system. Nurses will be more updated and will have a solid base to build on their skills and experience, and will be able to work according to high level of standards. With regards to patients, patient will have better outcomes as they will be receiving a high quality of care. On the other hand, the number of practical nurses who depend on skills only will decrease by time (WHO, EMRO, 1998). Conclusion To conclude, there is a global nursing shortage worldwide. Population growth, searching for a better income and being involved in a better working environment are causing nurses to migrate from one country to the other; causing an increase demand of recruiting and retaining nurses. In UAE, nursing profession started to improve and develop recently. The need for a high number of national nurses made the government to encourage students by giving them a high standard level of education, higher income, and improving staff by giving them the chance of continuing education. The mission of government by this development is to prove the effective role of national nurses, overcome nursing shortage in UAE, and to improve the quality of care being delivered to patient as their expectations and level of knowledge are increasing. In my opinion, nurses are the forefront in the health care system and the better the level of nurses the system has, the better outcomes achieved. References Al- Rifai, F. et al, (1996). The Nursing Profession and Future Directions in Arab GCC States [Arabic Document]. Executive Board of the Council of Arab GCC States Health Ministers, Riyad. Al-Rifai, F. van der Merwe, A., S., (2002). Licensing and regulation of nurses in the United Arab Emirates. In policy and politics in Nursing and Health Care (Mason, D., Leavitt, J. Chaffee, M. eds). Sounders, St. Louis, MO, PP. 728-734. Buchan, J. Aiken, L., (2008), Solving nursing shortages: a common priority, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 3262-3268. Buchan, J., (2006). Evidence of nursing shortage or a shortage of evidence?, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56, 457- 458. Chandra, A., and Willis, W. K. (2005). Importing Nurses: Combating The Nursing Shortage. (In Context. Healthcare and Public Policy). Hospital Topics 83 (2): 33-7. El-Haddad, M., (2006). Nursing in The United Arab Emirates: an historical background, International Council of Nurses, 284-289. Federal Department of Nursing FDON), MOH, UAE(2003), Annual Report. FDON, Abu Dhabi. Kingma, M. (2007). Nurses on the Move: A Global Overview, Health Services Research 42:3, part2, 1281-1298. Kingma, M., (2006). Nurses on the Move: Migration and the Global Health Care Economy. Ithca, NY: Cornell University Press. National Center for Health Workforce Analysis (2007). Toward a Method for Identifying Facilities and Communities with Shortages of Nurses, Summary report. US. Department of Health and Human Services, Health resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, Washington DC. Simeon, S., Villeneuve, M. Hurst, J. (2005). Tackling Nurse Shortages in OECD Countries. OECD Health working Papers 19, DELSA/ ELSA/ WD/HEA (2005). Stordeur, S., Hoore, W., (2006). Organizational configuration of hospitals succeeding in attracting and retaining nurses, Journal compilation, 45-57. World Health Organization-Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (WHO-EMRO), (1998). Nursing Education in The Eastern Mediterranean Region- Guidelines   on Future Directions [EMRO Technical Publication Series 26]. World Health Organization-Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Alexandria. Zurn, P., Dolea, C., Stilwell, B., (2005). Nurse Retention and Recruitment: Developing a Motivated Workface, World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health, ICN 2005, Issue 4, Geneva, Switzerland.

Caring for Individuals with Additional Needs Essay

A brief introduction to the introductory pack including aims and objectives Include a definition of additional needs Explain why it is important for care practitioners to be aware of the different additional needs that people may have (150 words) P1 –Outline reasons why individuals may experience additional needs – Produce a newsletter What are additional needs – What is a physical disability and how does it have an impact on an individual to be classed as an additional need? What is a sensory disability? Give examples What is a cognitive disability? Give examples (200 words) Define and describe the different types of disabilities, signs and symptoms, cause of the additional need and why they have an additional need – e.g. Down’s syndrome; cystic fibrosis, autistic spectrum, people with mental health problems, asthma, multiple sclerosis, paraplegia ( 1000 words) For example Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) & (ADD) are conditions which result in problem behaviour and poor attention span. Children find it hard to control their behaviour. They might be impulsive, restless and inattentive. Children can have problems learning and socialising. The causes of ADHD are not clear. Possible causes are thought to be brain injury, chemical imbalance in the brain, genetic links, environmental factors and a possible link to diet. Some of these children present more challenging behaviour than others and may require support when socialising and in the learning context. This may result in one-to-one support in class. P2 – Describe models of disability –Booklet to include Define the differences between disability; impairment Explain the different models of disability – such as medical; social, charity and holistic or person centred model and give examples of that substantiate your understanding. Key questions to consider: Is it a positive or negative approach? Does it focus on the ability or disability of people with additional needs? Is there an aim to the model? Is the disabled person labelled as a victim? Give an example of the impact on service provision because of the model of disability P3- Explain the barriers which may be experienced by people with additional needs Define what a barrier could in reference to health and social care settings Identify the barriers that people with additional needs may face e.g. attitudinal barriers; discrimination, barriers to access and opportunities, cultural, stereotyping and discrimination, impact on self-esteem and the effects of this on a disabled person’s well-being and give examples of each barrier described P4 – Explain positive working practice with individuals with additional learning needs – written piece What is an additional learning need? Give examples of this with an explanation What support services can a client with additional learning needs access? What are the principles of positive working practice? E.g. explain empowering care and explain the importance of this when working with clients with additional learning needs What do you understand by person centred planning and why this is an example of positive working practice when working with clients with additional learning needs? What is safeguarding and how significant is this when working with people with additional learning needs? What is positive reinforcement and explain the relevance of this when promoting independence? What is ‘Guidance’ and how can this influence positive working practice / the conduct of carers? Why is it important for care workers to be registered with a regulatory body as positive working practice for people with additional learning needs? ( 2,000 words for p2, p3 and p4 ) Bibliography Boys D and Michie V (2008) BTEC National Health & Social Care Book 2: Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes (in your college library pages 196-237 has unit 26 Caring for people with additional needs – be aware the legislation may vary)

During The Iron Age Between 590-529 B.c - 1415 Words

During the Iron Age between 590-529 B.C.E., the Assyrian Empire was taking its final footsteps, and breaking down into smaller regional powers, the Egyptians, the Medes, the Lydians, and the New Babylonians (Making Europe 51). Along with these new regional powers, was the kingdom of Persia, which was established around 700 B.C.E., and for the first 150 years of the Persian Kingdom, the Persian Kings were vassals of the Medes (Making Europe 53). In 553 B.C.E., the Persians began to revolt against the Medes and finally defeated them in 550 B.C.E., which marked the beginning of the Persian Empire. In 547 B.C.E. looking to expand commercial activity, the Persians attacked and defeated the kingdom of Lydia, which also gave the Persians control†¦show more content†¦After dreaming that Cyrus would eventually overthrow him, Astyages ordered for Cyrus to be killed, but the Shepherd who was supposed to kill Cyrus decided to raise Cyrus as his own son. In 553 B.C.E., Cyrus revolted aga inst the Medes, and in 550 B.C.E., defeated Astyages and the Medes, becoming the first ruler of the Persian Empire. Looking to expand his empire in 547 B.C.E., Cyrus then attacked Lydia, capturing both Lydia and the Mediterranean coast of Anatolia (Making Europe 53). A few later, in 539 B.C.E., Cyrus ventured into Mesopotamia, capturing Babylon with barely any retaliation. Based upon the respect that Cyrus showed towards the Babylonians, the cities of Syria and Palestine soon respected the authority of Cyrus the Great (Making Europe 54). In 535 B.C.E., Cyrus also displays his religious conciliation of his subject peoples by allowing the Jews to leave Babylon and return home, which first began the Jewish Diaspora. It is evident that Cyrus’ rule over his growing Persian Empire was filled with tolerance and respect towards his subject peoples. After the defeat of the Medes and the beginning of the Persian Empire in 550 B.C.E., Cyrus was looking to expand his empire. According to Kidner, â€Å"the Persians had a great interest in economic development and expanded commercial activity† (53). Cyrus’ goal of economic development was apparent in his capture of Lydia. In 547 B.C.E., the Persians attacked and captured Lydia along with

How To Prevent Noise Pollution - 1001 Words

What is Noise Pollution? Noise is essentially unwanted information or sharp changes in tones. Noise pollution is the act of creating noise. Noise is measured in decibels: 0 decibels is silent, 0 to 70 decibels is moderate, 70 to 80 decibels is the volume where noise can start becoming problematic. 80 to 120 decibels is considered loud noise and exposure at these levels for extended periods can cause permeant hearing loss. Therefore it is important to reduce noise pollution and your exposure to loud noise as much as possible. Prolonged exposure to excessive noise can cause serious health and safety impacts: How to Prevent Noise Pollution: There are many steps you can take reduce your exposure to damaging levels of noise: †¢ Restrict†¦show more content†¦Light and Noise Pollution What is it? How can it affect you? What is Devens doing to address it? This brochure was produced by the Devens Enterprise Commission as an informational piece. Any questions may be directed to peterlowitt@devensec.com or 978.772.8831. Light and noise are a part of everyday life however too much of either can create potential problems environmentally, socially and economically. This brochure is intended to educate and raise awareness of light and noise pollution issues and how the redevelopment efforts of Devens are addressing these important conditions. What is light pollution? Excessive use of light can contribute to a condition called light pollution. Light Pollution obstructs the view of the night sky, wastes energy, and similar to other types of pollution, is harmful for your health. Why is light pollution harmful? Exposure to excess artificial light can have significant impacts to our health, safety and environment. Here are a few examples of how: Health risks Our bodies follow a circadian rhythm that tells us when to wake up and when to sleep by releasing melatonin into our system. 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